HSRP
Hot Standby Router Protocol
Cisco proprietary
An active and standby router is elected.
There are two versions: version 1 and version 2. Version 2 adds IPv6 support and increases the number of groups that can be configured.
Multicast IPv4 address:
v1 = 224.0.0.2
v2 = 224.0.0.102
Virtual MAC address:
v1 = 0000.0c07.acXX (XX = HSRP group number)
v2 = 0000.0c9f.fXXX (XXX = HSRP group number)
In a situation with multiple subnets/VLANs, you can configure a different active router in each subnet/VLAN to load balance.
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