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CCNA 200-301
Online Courses
CCNA 200-301
  • Introduction
  • Interfaces And Cables
    • Ethernet
    • UTP Cables
    • Fiber Optic
    • UTP vs Fiber-Optic
    • Quiz
  • OSI Model & TCP/IP Suite
    • Networking Model
      • OSI Model
        • Application
        • Presentation
        • Session
        • Transport
        • Network
        • Data Link
        • Physical
      • PDUs
      • TCP/IP Suite
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  • Intro to the CLI
    • What is a CLI
      • Global Configuration Mode
      • Enable Password
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    • Canceling commands
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  • Ethernet LAN Switching
    • Local Area Network (LAN)
    • MAC Address
    • Ethernet Frame
    • Quiz 1
    • ARP
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    • Quiz 2
  • IPv4 Addressing
    • Network Layer Review
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    • Quiz
    • Cisco CLI
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  • Switch Interfaces
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    • What is a LAN ?
    • VLAN Configuration
    • Quiz 1
    • Example
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    • Quiz 2
    • Native VLAN on Router
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  • Spanning Tree Protocol
    • Network Redundancy
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      • Exercise
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    • Quiz 1
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  • Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
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    • Quiz 1
    • BPDU
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    • Quiz 2
  • EtherChannel
    • Why EtherChannel is needed?
    • Load-Balancing
      • Configuration
    • PAgP, LACP, and Static
      • PAgP
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      • RIPv1 & RIPv2
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    • EIGRP
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  • First Hop Redundancy Protocols
    • Introduction
    • HSRP
    • VRRP
    • GLBP
    • Comparing FHRPs
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  • TCP & UDP
    • Basic of Layer 4
      • Port Numbers / Session Multiplexing
    • TCP
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  • IPv6
    • What about IPv5?
    • Why IPv6?
    • IPv6
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    • Neighbor Discovery Protocol
      • SLAAC
      • Duplicate Address Detection (DAD)
    • IPv6 Static Routing
    • Quiz
  • Access Control Lists
    • What are ACLs?
    • How ACLs work
    • Implicit Deny
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    • Standard Named ACLs
    • Numbered ACLs With Subcommands
    • Resequencing ACLS
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    • Quiz
  • Layer 2 Discovery Protocols
    • Introduction
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    • Link Layer Discovery Protocol
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  • Network Time Protocol
    • The importance of time
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    • Reference Clocks
    • NTP Hierarchy
    • NTP Configuration
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    • Quiz
  • Domain Name System
    • Purpose of DNS
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    • DNS in Cisco IOS
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  • Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
    • Purpose of DHCP
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  • Simple Network Management Protocol
    • SNMP
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  • Syslog
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  • FTP & TFTP
    • FTP and TFTP
    • Trivial File Transfer Protocol
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    • FTP vs TFTP
    • IOS File Systems
    • Upgrading Cisco IOS
    • Quiz
  • Network Address Translation
    • Private IPv4 Addressess
    • Network Address Translation (NAT)
    • Static NAT
    • Configuration
    • Dynamic NAT
    • Configuration
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    • Quiz
  • Quality of Service
    • IP Phones
    • Power over Ethernet (PoE)
    • Quality of Service (QoS)
    • Queuing
    • Classification
    • IP Precedence and DSCP
    • RFC 4954
    • Trust Boundaries
    • Queuing/Congestion Management
    • Shaping and Policing
    • Classification
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  • Security Fundamentals
    • Why Security?
    • Concepts
    • Denial-of-service Attack
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    • Reflection/Amplification Attacks
    • Man-in-the-middle Attack
    • Reconnaissance Attacks
    • Malware
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    • Password-related attacks
    • Multi-factor Authentication
    • Digital certificates
    • Controlling and Monitoring Users with AAA
    • Security Program Elements
    • Quiz
  • Port Security
    • Port Security
    • Why Port Security?
    • Enabling Port Security
    • Violation Modes
    • Secure MAC Address Aging
    • Sticky Secure MAC Addresses
    • Quiz
  • DHCP Snooping
    • DHCP Snooping
    • DHCP Starvation
    • DHCP Poisoning (Man-in-the-Middle)
    • DHCP Messages
    • DHCP Snooping Operations
    • DHCP Snooping Rate-Limiting
    • DHCP Option 82 (Information Option)
    • Quiz
  • Dynamic ARP Inspection
    • Gratuitous ARP
    • DAI
    • ARP Poisoning (Man-in-the-Middle)
    • Operations
    • Configurations
    • Optional Checks
    • ARP ACLs
    • Quiz
  • LAN Architectures
    • Common Terminologies
    • Two-Tier Campus LAN Design
    • Three-Tier Campus LAN Design
    • Spine-Leaf Architecture
    • SOHO Networks
    • Quiz
  • WAN Architectures
    • WAN
    • Leased Lines
    • MPLS
    • Internet Connections
    • Redundant Internet Connections
    • Internet VPNs
      • Site-to-Site VPNs (IPsec)
      • Remote-Access VPNs
    • Quiz
  • Virtualization & Cloud
    • Server Hardware
    • Servers before Virtualization
    • Virtualization
    • Why Virtualization
    • Connecting VMs to the Network
    • Cloud Services
    • Five Essential Characteristics of Cloud
    • Three Service Models of Cloud
    • Four Deployment Models of Cloud
    • Benefits of Cloud Computing
    • Connecting to Cloud Resources
    • Quiz
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  • PCP/CoS
  • The IP ToS Byte
  1. Quality of Service

Classification

PreviousQueuingNextIP Precedence and DSCP

Last updated 1 year ago

Classification organizes network traffic (packets) into traffic classes (categories).

Classification is fundamental to QoS. To give priority to certain types of traffic, you have to identify which types of traffic to give priority to.

There are many methods of classifying traffic. Some examples:

  • An ACL. Traffic which is permitted by the ACL will be given certain treatment, other traffic will not.

  • NBAR (Network Based Application Recognition) performs a deep packet inspection, looking beyond the Layer 3 and Layer 4 information up to Layer 7 to identify the specific kind of traffic.

  • In the Layer 2 and Layer 3 headers there are specific fields used for this purpose.

The PCP (Priority Code Point) field of the 802.1Q tag (in the Ethernet header) can be used to identify high/low priority traffic.

  • Only when there is a dot1q tag!

The DSCP (Differentiated Services Code Point) field of the IP header can also be used to identify high/low priority traffic.

PCP/CoS

PCP is also known as CoS (Class of Service). Its use is defined by IEEE 802.1.p

3 bits = 8 possible values.

PCP value
Traffic types

0

Best effort (default)

1

Background

2

Excellent effort

3

Critical applications

4

Video

5

Voice

6

Internetwork control

7

Network control

´Best effort' delivery means there is no guarantee that data is delivered or that it meets any QoS standard. This is regular traffic, not high-priority.

IP phones mark call signalling traffic (used to establish calls) as PCP3. They mark the actual voice traffic as PCP5.

Because PCP is found in the dot1q header, it can only be used over the following connections:

  • trunk links.

  • access links with a voice VLAN.

In the diagram below, traffic between R1 and R2, or between R2 and external destinations will not have a dot1q tag. So, traffic over those links PCP cannot be marked with a PCP value.

The IP ToS Byte