In linux
The clone system call
In Linux there are two system calls to create a child process:
fork – creates a new process that is a full copy of the current one.
the address space and I/O context are duplicated.
the child starts execution in the point of the forking.
clone – creates a new process that can share elements with its parent.
address space, table of file descriptors, and table of signal handlers are shareable.
the child starts execution in a specified function.
Thus, from the kernel point of view, processes and threads are treated similarly.
Threads of the same process forms a thread group and have the same thread group identifier (TGID).
this is the value returned by system call getpid().
Within a group, threads can be distinguished by their unique thread identifier (TID).
this value is returned by system call gettid().
Thread creation and termination
pthread library
Example
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