Notes - MIECT
Comunicações Móveis
Notes - MIECT
Comunicações Móveis
  • Comunicações Móveis
  • The Communication Network
    • The Phone Network
    • The Internet
    • The Mobile Network
  • Wireless Systems
    • Wireless Systems
    • Mobile Hassles
    • Device Issues
    • Why is mobile hard?
  • Physical Layer
    • Classifications of Transmission Media
    • Wireless
    • Radio Transmission Impairments
    • Time-Domain View
    • Propagation Degrades
    • Propagation Mechanisms
    • Redundancy
  • Satellite Networks
    • Satellites
    • Satellite Networks
      • GEO - Geostationary Orbit
      • NGSO - Non Geostationary Orbits
    • Routing
  • Mobile Networks
    • Connections and structures
    • Cell
    • Wireless networks
    • 802.11
    • Infrastructure vs Ad Hoc Mode
    • Data Flow Examples
    • Physical layer
    • MAC
      • Multi-bit Rate
      • MAC Layer
      • Carrier Sense Multiple Access
      • Some More MAC Features
    • How does a station connect to an Access Point?
      • IEEE 802.11 Mobility
    • How to extend range in Wi- Fi?
      • IEEE 1905.1 standard, Convergent Digital Home Network for Heterogeneous Technologies
  • Bluetooth, Wireless Sensor Networks, ZigBee
    • Bluetooth
      • Piconets
        • Device Discovery Illustrated
        • Paging
      • Scatternet
      • Bluetooth Stack
        • Baseband in Bluetooth
        • Adaptation protocols
      • Profiles and security
        • Bluetooth
        • Link keys in a piconet
      • 802.15.x
        • Bluetooth Networking Encapsulation Protocol
        • Bluetooth 4.0: Low Energy
          • Device Modes
          • Link Layer Connection
          • How low can the energy get?
          • BLE and GAP
    • Wireless Sensor Networks
      • MIoT and HIoT are different
      • Types of Wireless Networks
      • Wireless Sensor Network
      • 802.15.4 and Zigbee
      • 802.15.4 / ZigBee Architecture
        • IEEE 802.15.4 MAC
        • Channel Access Mechanism
        • Association procedures
        • ZigBee
        • ZigBee and BLE
  • Cellular Networks
    • Wireless cellular network
    • Wide Area Wireless Sensor Networks (WWSN)
      • LTE-M
      • NB-IoT
      • Spectrum & Access
      • Cellular technologies
      • LoRa
      • The Things Network
    • Technological waves
    • 1G - Mobile voice
    • 2G - Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)
    • 2.5G - General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
    • 3G - Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
      • Multiplexing mechanisms
      • SIP Protocol
      • Services in IMS
    • 4G - Long Term Evolution/Evolved Packet Core (LTE/EPC)
      • Long Term Evolution (LTE)
    • 5G
      • Example of verticals
      • 3GPP Releases detail
      • Technologies
      • New Radio is required
      • System architecture
      • Non-stand Alone (NSA)
      • Networks deployment
      • Protocol stacks
      • Procedures
      • QoS Model
      • Mobility in 5G
      • Distributed cloud: Edge Computing and 5G
      • Slicing
    • 6G
  • Software and Virtualization Technologies in Mobile Communication Networks
    • Network Function Virtualization
    • Management and Orchestration
    • Software Defined Networking
      • How to “direct” the controller?
      • Emulation
      • Programming Protocol-Independent Packet Processors (P4)
    • OpenRAN
    • Multi-access Edge Computing
    • Network Automation
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  • Generic Access Profile (GAP).
  • Discoverable Modes
  • Pairing
  1. Bluetooth, Wireless Sensor Networks, ZigBee
  2. Bluetooth
  3. 802.15.x
  4. Bluetooth 4.0: Low Energy

BLE and GAP

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Last updated 2 years ago

Generic Access Profile (GAP).

  • GAP defines a base profile which all Bluetooth devices implement, which ties all the various layers together to form the basic requirements for a Bluetooth device.

  • GAP also defines generic procedures for connection-related services:

    • Device Discovery.

    • Link Establishment.

    • Link Management.

    • Link Termination.

    • Initiation of security features.

The GAP layer works in one of four profile roles:

  • Broadcaster: an advertiser that is non-connectable.

  • Observer: scans for advertisements, but cannot initiate connections.

  • Peripheral: an advertiser that is connectable and can operate as a slave in a single link layer connection.

  • Central: scans for advertisements and initiates connections; operates as a master in a single or multiple link layer connections.

Discoverable Modes

GAP supports three different discoverable modes:

  • Non-discoverable Mode: No advertisements.

  • Limited Discoverable Mode: Device advertises for a limited amount of time before returning to the standby state.

  • General Discoverable Mode: Devices Advertises continuously.

GAP manages the data that is sent out in advertisement and scan response packets.

Pairing

Pairing can be initiated by either the central or peripheral device.

The two devices generate and exchange short-term keys (STK) which can be used to decrypt data packets.

Either device can request to enable “bonding” to create a long- term relationship between the two devices.

  • A long-term key (LTK) is generated, exchanged, and stored allowing device to re-encrypt the link quickly upon re-connection, without going through the complete pairing process once again.

  • Profile / Service configuration data is remembered, so that the user does not need to re-configure the device every time they re- connect.

Each device also states its input/output capabilities from among these options:

  • DisplayOnly – no way user can input anything into device, but it can output data.

  • DisplayYesNo – user can input “yes” or “no” but nothing else; can also display data.

  • KeyboardOnly – user can input a password or PIN, but no display.

  • NoInputNoOutput – device has no means for user input, and has no display.

  • KeyboardDisplay – device has a means for display as well as for input.