Notes - MIECT
Comunicações Móveis
Notes - MIECT
Comunicações Móveis
  • Comunicações Móveis
  • The Communication Network
    • The Phone Network
    • The Internet
    • The Mobile Network
  • Wireless Systems
    • Wireless Systems
    • Mobile Hassles
    • Device Issues
    • Why is mobile hard?
  • Physical Layer
    • Classifications of Transmission Media
    • Wireless
    • Radio Transmission Impairments
    • Time-Domain View
    • Propagation Degrades
    • Propagation Mechanisms
    • Redundancy
  • Satellite Networks
    • Satellites
    • Satellite Networks
      • GEO - Geostationary Orbit
      • NGSO - Non Geostationary Orbits
    • Routing
  • Mobile Networks
    • Connections and structures
    • Cell
    • Wireless networks
    • 802.11
    • Infrastructure vs Ad Hoc Mode
    • Data Flow Examples
    • Physical layer
    • MAC
      • Multi-bit Rate
      • MAC Layer
      • Carrier Sense Multiple Access
      • Some More MAC Features
    • How does a station connect to an Access Point?
      • IEEE 802.11 Mobility
    • How to extend range in Wi- Fi?
      • IEEE 1905.1 standard, Convergent Digital Home Network for Heterogeneous Technologies
  • Bluetooth, Wireless Sensor Networks, ZigBee
    • Bluetooth
      • Piconets
        • Device Discovery Illustrated
        • Paging
      • Scatternet
      • Bluetooth Stack
        • Baseband in Bluetooth
        • Adaptation protocols
      • Profiles and security
        • Bluetooth
        • Link keys in a piconet
      • 802.15.x
        • Bluetooth Networking Encapsulation Protocol
        • Bluetooth 4.0: Low Energy
          • Device Modes
          • Link Layer Connection
          • How low can the energy get?
          • BLE and GAP
    • Wireless Sensor Networks
      • MIoT and HIoT are different
      • Types of Wireless Networks
      • Wireless Sensor Network
      • 802.15.4 and Zigbee
      • 802.15.4 / ZigBee Architecture
        • IEEE 802.15.4 MAC
        • Channel Access Mechanism
        • Association procedures
        • ZigBee
        • ZigBee and BLE
  • Cellular Networks
    • Wireless cellular network
    • Wide Area Wireless Sensor Networks (WWSN)
      • LTE-M
      • NB-IoT
      • Spectrum & Access
      • Cellular technologies
      • LoRa
      • The Things Network
    • Technological waves
    • 1G - Mobile voice
    • 2G - Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)
    • 2.5G - General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
    • 3G - Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
      • Multiplexing mechanisms
      • SIP Protocol
      • Services in IMS
    • 4G - Long Term Evolution/Evolved Packet Core (LTE/EPC)
      • Long Term Evolution (LTE)
    • 5G
      • Example of verticals
      • 3GPP Releases detail
      • Technologies
      • New Radio is required
      • System architecture
      • Non-stand Alone (NSA)
      • Networks deployment
      • Protocol stacks
      • Procedures
      • QoS Model
      • Mobility in 5G
      • Distributed cloud: Edge Computing and 5G
      • Slicing
    • 6G
  • Software and Virtualization Technologies in Mobile Communication Networks
    • Network Function Virtualization
    • Management and Orchestration
    • Software Defined Networking
      • How to “direct” the controller?
      • Emulation
      • Programming Protocol-Independent Packet Processors (P4)
    • OpenRAN
    • Multi-access Edge Computing
    • Network Automation
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  • Bluetooth Protocol
  • RF: international 2.4Ghz band
  • Radio Layer
  1. Bluetooth, Wireless Sensor Networks, ZigBee
  2. Bluetooth

Bluetooth Stack

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Last updated 2 years ago

  • L2CAP – Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol.

  • LMP – Link Manager Protocol.

  • HID – Human Interface Device.

  • RFCOMM – serial cable emulation (ETSI).

Bluetooth includes:

  • A HW description.

  • An environment for applications.

Bluetooth Protocol

Radio layer.

Defines requirements for a Bluetooth radio transceiver.

  • Handles conformity to 2.4GHz band.

  • Establishes specifications for using Spread-Spectrum Frequency Hopping.

  • Classifies device into one of three power classes:

    • long range; (Class 1 - 100mW, 100m)

    • normal/standard range; (Class 2 - 2.5mW, 10m)

    • short range; (Class 3 - 1 mW, 1m)

RF: international 2.4Ghz band

2.4GHz issues.

  • Channel BW limited to 1MHz.

  • Spread spectrum must be used.

  • Multiple independent networks can interfere.

  • Microwave ovens also use these frequencies.

  • ICs at 2.4 GHz need huge current levels.

Bluetooth remedies.

  • 1 Mb/s baud taxes exploit BW at maximum.

  • Voice coding (CVSDM) allow high speed operation.

  • Fast “frequency hoping” and small packets to avoid interference.

  • Interface with the channel minimizes power consumption.

  • Interface specifications are relaxed enough to allow its integration in low power chipsets.

Radio Layer

Radio: FH SS.

  • 79/23 channels of 1 Mb/s.

  • Hoping: per slot.

    • Packets have 1, 3, or 5 slots of 625 μs.

    • Hoping (nominal) 1600 times per second.

  • Frame includes two packets.

    • Transmission followed by reception.

  • Radio designed to low cost and universal usage.

    • (noise, synchronous action technology 2.4GHz, etc...).