7 Pernitious Kingdoms

• Input Validation and Representation;

• API Abuse;

• Security Features;

• Time and State;

• Error Handling;

• Code Quality;

  • Coding Guidelines / Rules;

  • Implementation Guidelines;

  • Static Code Analysis;

  • Metrics Analysis.

• Encapsulation;

  • Encapsulation helps in isolating implementation details from the behavior exposed to clients of a class (other classes/functions that are using this class) and gives more control over coupling in code.

• Environment (+1).