Spanning Tree Protocol
STP enables the network to deterministically block interfaces and provide a loop-free topology in a network with redundant links.
There are several STP Standards and Features:
STP is the original IEEE 802.1D version (802.1D-1998) that provides a loop-free topology in a network with redundant links.
RSTP, or IEEE 802.1W, is an evolution of STP that provides faster convergence of STP.
Multiple Spanning Tree (MST) is an IEEE standard. MST maps multiple VLANs into the same spanning-tree instance.
Per VLAN Spanning Tree Plus (PVST+) is a Cisco enhancement of STP that provides a separate 802.1D spanning-tree instance for each VLAN configured in the network.
RPVST+ is a Cisco enhancement of RSTP that uses PVST+. It provides a separate instance of 802.1W per VLAN.
Recommended Practices for STP.
Define by configuration (using STP priority) the root bridge/switch.
Use the same cost in all interfaces (if possible).
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