Cryptographic services

• Ciphers

• Digest functions

• Key generation

• Key management

  • Key import

  • Key export

• Digital signatures

  • Generation

  • Verification

• Management of public key certificates

  • Generation

  • Verification

Middleware

Libraries that bridge the gap between functionalities of smartcards and high-level applications

Some standard approaches:

• PKCS #11

  • Cryptographic Token Interface Standard (Cryptoki)

  • Defined by RSA Security Inc.

• PKCS #15

  • Cryptographic Token Information Format Standard

  • Defined by RSA Security Inc.

• CAPI CSP

  • CryptoAPI Cryptographic Service Provider

  • Defined by Microsoft for Windows systems

• PC/SC

  • Personal computer/smartcard

  • Standard framework for smartcard access on Windows systems